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Precognition

A curated collection of research papers focusing on precognition. Explore the methodology, key findings, and ongoing debates in this field.

Total Papers 27

Year Range 1989 – 2025

Top Contributors

Tressoldi, PatrizioRadin, DeanRadin, Dean I

Recent Publications

Experimental Investigation of Precognition in Yoga Practitioners

Alibalaei, Hassan; Radin, Dean; Ilavarasu, Judu; Nagendra, H. R • 2025 • Journal of the Society for Psychical Research

Four pre-registered online forced-choice precognition experiments investigated whether yoga and meditation practice enhances precognitive ability among Indian yoga university students (total N=273). Study 1 (N=104) tested a 40-day yoga course, Study 2 (N=103) tested cyclic meditation, Study 3 (N=164) compared experienced vs. beginner practitioners, and Study 4 (N=245) examined demographic and personality correlates. None of the pre-registered hypotheses reached statistical significance (all d < 0.08), but post hoc analyses revealed consistent psi-missing across all three experimental studies (e.g., Study 1 post-intervention: 14 missers vs. 3 hitters, p<0.001).

#forced_choice #meditation #yoga #psi_missing #pre_registered

Sentiment and Presentiment in Twitter: Do Trends in Collective Mood "Feel the Future"?

Radin, Dean I • 2023 • World Futures

Tests whether daily Twitter sentiment data in 10 languages shows anticipatory declines before unpredictable negative world events (terrorism, mass shootings, unexpected celebrity deaths). Thirteen years of hedonometer.org sentiment data (2009-2023) were filtered through a four-step process to identify 83 unpredictable negative events. Ensemble averages of sentiment from 14 to 2 days before each event were analyzed via linear regression slopes corrected with circular-shift permutation testing. All 10 languages showed negative slopes; combined Stouffer z = -3.087, p = 0.001, suggesting a form of population-scale collective presentiment.

#precognition #presentiment #collective_consciousness #social_media #big_data

Raising the value of research studies in psychological science by increasing the credibility of research reports: the transparent Psi project

Kekecs, Zoltan; Palfi, Bence; Szaszi, Barnabas; Szecsi, Peter; Zrubka, Mark; Kovacs, Marton; Bakos, Bence E; Cousineau, Denis; Tressoldi, Patrizio; Schmidt, Kathleen; Grassi, Massimo; Evans, Thomas Rhys; Yamada, Yuki; Miller, Jeremy K; Liu, Huanxu; Yonemitsu, Fumiya; Dubrov, Dmitrii; Roer, Jan Philipp; Becker, Marvin; Schnepper, Roxane; Ariga, Atsunori; Arriaga, Patricia; Oliveira, Raquel; Poldver, Nele; Kreegipuu, Kairi; Hall, Braeden; Wiechert, Sera; Verschuere, Bruno; Giran, Kyra; Aczel, Balazs • 2023 • Royal Society Open Science

A pre-registered, multi-laboratory replication of Bem's (2011) Experiment 1 on precognition, co-designed by a consensus panel of 29 experts including both proponents and opponents. Across 10 laboratories in 9 countries, 2,115 participants completed 37,836 forced-choice erotic trials. Hit rate was 49.89% (chance = 50%), yielding BF₀₁ ≈ 72 — strong Bayesian evidence for the null model. The 90% HDI for population success rate was [49.57%, 50.40%], with >99% probability below 50.6%. Credibility-enhancing tools included direct data deposition, born-open data, real-time reports, external audits, and tamper-evident software. The authors conclude that Bem's original effect does not survive when researcher degrees of freedom and publication bias are controlled.

#replication #feeling_the_future #registered_report #multi_laboratory #transparency_methodology

A Preregistered Multi-Lab Replication of Maier et al. (2014, Exp. 4) Testing Retroactive Avoidance

Maier, Markus A; Buechner, Vanessa L; Dechamps, Moritz C; Pflitsch, Markus; Kurzrock, Walter; Tressoldi, Patrizio; Rabeyron, Thomas; Cardeña, Etzel; Marcusson-Clavertz, David; Martsinkovskaja, Tatiana • 2020 • PLOS ONE

Preregistered, multi-lab replication of Maier et al. (2014, Exp. 4) testing retroactive avoidance — unconscious anticipatory avoidance of randomly selected future aversive stimuli. Across five labs in Germany, Italy, Russia, France, and Sweden (N=2,004), participants completed 60 binary key-press trials with quantum-based random stimulus selection and masked picture presentation. Sequential Bayesian analysis yielded BF01=4.38, moderate evidence against retroactive avoidance. Wider priors produced BF01>30. Meta-analytic effect size across labs was ES=0.008 (p=.76) with negligible heterogeneity. Exploratory temporal analyses combining original and replication data (N=2,328) found non-random oscillations in the sequential BF curve, consistent with Generalized Quantum Theory predictions.

#retroactive_avoidance #bayesian_analysis #multi_lab_replication #preregistered #quantum_rng

Predictive Physiological Anticipation Preceding Seemingly Unpredictable Stimuli: An Update of Mossbridge et al.'s Meta-Analysis

Duggan, Michael; Tressoldi, Patrizio • 2018 • F1000Research

An updated meta-analysis extending Mossbridge et al. (2012) on predictive anticipatory activity (PAA) — physiological responses preceding randomly presented stimuli. Eighteen new studies (26 experiments, 34 effect sizes) from January 2008 to October 2017 were analyzed using frequentist multilevel random models and Bayesian multilevel models following PRISMA guidelines. The overall weighted effect size was g = 0.29 (95% CI [0.19, 0.38], p = 8×10⁻⁶), confirmed by Bayesian analysis (g = 0.29, 95% CrI [0.18, 0.39]). Peer-reviewed studies showed higher effects (g = 0.38) than non-peer-reviewed (g = 0.22). Copas selection model found no publication bias (adjusted ES = 0.28).

#presentiment #meta_analysis #predictive_anticipatory_activity #physiological_anticipation #publication_bias

Precognition as a Form of Prospection: A Review of the Evidence

Mossbridge, Julia A; Radin, Dean • 2018 • Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

Reviewing controlled experiments across five domains — precognitive dreaming, forced-choice conscious precognition, free-response precognition, implicit (Bem-style) precognition, and physiological presentiment — this paper evaluates whether precognition represents a genuine form of human prospection. The forced-choice literature (309 studies, 1935-1987) yields ES = 0.02, Z = 6.02, p = 1.1x10^-9. Implicit precognition (90 experiments) shows Hedges' g = 0.09, p = 1.2x10^-10, with fast-thinking tasks driving the effect. The presentiment meta-analysis (26 studies) reports ES = 0.21, z = 5.3, p = 5.7x10^-8. The authors conclude converging evidence challenges standard assumptions about temporal causality.

#presentiment #predictive_anticipatory_activity #retrocausality #implicit_precognition #precognitive_dreaming

Perspectives on Precognition

Woody, Erik; Lynn, Steven Jay • 2018 • Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

Two-page editorial introducing a special issue of Psychology of Consciousness devoted to precognition. Woody and Lynn frame the issue using Carl Sagan's dual-attitude characterization of science — openness to new ideas combined with ruthless skeptical scrutiny — and two physics analogies: plate tectonics dismissed as 'cocktail party speculation' and Wheeler-Feynman's one-electron universe tested against empirical constraints. Five companion articles follow: Schooler et al. on entertaining vs. endorsing anomalous claims, Mossbridge & Radin's empirical review of precognition evidence, skeptical critiques by Schwarzkopf and by Houran et al., and Mossbridge & Radin's response. The editors take no position on whether precognition is real.

#editorial #precognition_debate #scientific_epistemology #special_issue #skepticism_openness

Bem's 'Feeling the Future' (2011) Five Years Later: Its Impact on Scientific Literature

Silva, Bruno A; Poeschl, Gabrielle • 2017 • Journal of Parapsychology

Bibliometric text analysis of N=162 Scopus-indexed texts citing Bem's (2011) 'Feeling the Future' precognition article, covering 2011-2015. Using Iramuteq's downward hierarchical classification (Alceste method), 622 of 721 text segments (86.3%) were sorted into four impact classes: Replication in Psychology Research (31.4%), Bayesian Statistical Inference (26.9%), Experimental Anomalous Experiences (24.6%), and Quantum Phenomena and Theories (17.2%). Psychology-indexed sources dominate the critical Replication and Bayesian classes (χ²=36.96, 20.74), while non-psychology sources dominate the Anomalous Experiences and Quantum classes (χ²=18.87, 61.84). The Bayesian class peaks in 2011 and the Replication class in 2015, tracking the evolving methodological reform debate.

#bem_controversy #bibliometric_analysis #replication_crisis #citation_impact #bayesian_statistics

Feeling the Future: A Meta-Analysis of 90 Experiments on the Anomalous Anticipation of Random Future Events

Bem, Daryl J; Tressoldi, Patrizio E; Rabeyron, Thomas; Duggan, Michael • 2015 • F1000Research

Meta-analysis of 90 experiments from 33 laboratories in 14 countries (12,406 participants) testing anomalous anticipation of random future events, following up on Bem's (2011) original nine experiments. The overall effect was Hedges' g = 0.09, z = 6.33, p = 1.2 x 10^-10, with a Bayes Factor of 5.1 x 10^9 greatly exceeding the criterion for decisive evidence. Independent replications yielded g = 0.06, z = 4.16, BF = 3,853. P-curve analysis estimated the true effect size at 0.20, closely matching Bem's original d = 0.22. Fast-thinking protocols (g = 0.11) significantly outperformed slow-thinking protocols (g = 0.03, ns). Seven of eight statistical tests indicated the database is not compromised by selection bias or p-hacking.

#meta_analysis #replication #bayes_factor #p_curve_analysis #publication_bias

We Did See This Coming: Response to 'We Should Have Seen This Coming' by D. Sam Schwarzkopf

Mossbridge, Julia A; Tressoldi, Patrizio; Utts, Jessica; Ives, John A; Radin, Dean; Jonas, Wayne B • 2015 • arXiv preprint

Six methodological and analytical objections to predictive anticipatory activity (presentiment) raised by Schwarzkopf (2014) are addressed point by point. Removing questioned studies from the original meta-analysis (Mossbridge et al. 2012) still produced overwhelmingly significant results. Simulation of expectation bias detection across 1000 experiments showed ~92% of effects could not be explained by expectation bias (r = -0.16, p > 0.524 between effect size and sample size). Stimulus ratio imbalance (2:1 or 3:1 neutral-to-emotional) actually works against finding presentiment effects. Baseline correction via z-transformation is methodologically appropriate, and higher-quality studies produced larger effect sizes. The authors propose that presentiment may reflect time-symmetric processes consistent with known microscopic physics.

#presentiment #predictive_anticipatory_activity #meta_analysis_defense #expectation_bias #commentary_response

Feeling the Future Again: Retroactive Avoidance of Negative Stimuli

Maier, Markus A; Büchner, Vanessa L; Kuhbandner, Christof; Pflitsch, Markus; Fernández-Capo, Maria; Gámiz-Sanfeliu, Maria • 2014 • Journal of Consciousness Studies

Seven double-blind experiments investigated whether masked negative stimuli presented 500 ms after a response could retroactively influence unconscious key-press selections, as predicted by the Orch-OR quantum-mind model. Using IAPS images and a simultaneous two-key press paradigm, four of seven studies found significant avoidance of negative future outcomes (Study 1: N=111, d=0.25; Study 2: N=201, d=0.21; Study 3: N=1222, d=0.07; Study 4 with quantum RNG: N=327, d=0.10). A meta-analysis across all seven experiments (total N≈2,970) yielded ES=0.07, z=3.79, p<.0001, with a combined Bayes factor of 293 favouring retroactive influence.

#retroactive_avoidance #quantum_mind #orch_or #replication #bayesian_analysis

Predicting the Unpredictable: Critical Analysis and Practical Implications of Predictive Anticipatory Activity

Mossbridge, Julia A; Tressoldi, Patrizio; Utts, Jessica; Ives, John A; Radin, Dean; Jonas, Wayne B • 2014 • Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

A narrative review of predictive anticipatory activity (PAA), the phenomenon whereby human physiology appears to distinguish between unpredictable future emotional vs. neutral stimuli 1–10 seconds before they occur. Drawing on a meta-analysis of 26 experiments from seven independent laboratories (fixed-effect ES = 0.21, z = 6.9, p < 2.7 × 10⁻¹²; random-effects ES = 0.21, z = 5.3, p < 5.7 × 10⁻⁸), the review critically evaluates p-hacking and expectation bias as alternative explanations, finding neither compelling. Proposes 'temporal mirroring' (pre-event responses mirror post-event responses) and discusses quantum biology and delayed conscious experience as speculative mechanisms. Concludes that PAA is a robust unconscious phenomenon with potential practical applications.

#predictive_anticipatory_activity #presentiment #expectation_bias #temporal_mirroring #paa_sensing_tools

Retro-priming, priming, and double testing: psi and replication in a test–retest design

Rabeyron, Thomas • 2014 • Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

A test–retest study examined whether high-scoring participants on a retroactive priming task could reliably replicate their performance. In Study 1, 162 participants completed Bem's retro-priming paradigm (classifying words before seeing a congruent or incongruent picture prime). Results were non-significant overall (es=0.11) but post-hoc analyses found effects for students (r=0.17, p<0.05) and males (r=0.41, p<0.01). In Study 2, the 28 highest scorers returned; retro-priming results were negative and non-significant (es=−0.25), with a significant negative correlation between sessions (r=−0.46, p<0.05). Forward priming remained robust (es=0.63). No psychological profile distinguished consistently high scorers.

#retro_priming #replication #test_retest_design #decline_effect #regression_to_mean

Future directions in precognition research: more research can bridge the gap between skeptics and proponents

Franklin, Michael S; Baumgart, Stephen L; Schooler, Jonathan W • 2014 • Frontiers in Psychology

An opinion article arguing that precognition research should move toward applied paradigms capable of real-time prediction of random future events. Reviews the physical plausibility of retrocausality via time-symmetric physics, Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory, and the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics, noting no physical law precludes retrocausal information transfer. Acknowledges reliability concerns about small effect sizes and replication difficulty, drawing parallels to social priming research. Proposes two novel designs: a two-phase Go-NoGo task using future practice effects to predict roulette outcomes, and an EEG presentiment paradigm using pre-stimulus occipital potentials for binary prediction, potentially enabling a retrocausal brain-computer interface.

#applied_precognition #retrocausality #time_symmetry #presentiment_eeg #go_nogo_paradigm

Predictive Physiological Anticipation Preceding Seemingly Unpredictable Stimuli: A Meta-Analysis

Mossbridge, Julia; Tressoldi, Patrizio; Utts, Jessica • 2012 • Frontiers in Psychology

A meta-analysis of 26 prospective reports (1978–2010) from seven laboratories tested whether pre-stimulus physiological activity predicts the direction of post-stimulus responses to unpredictable stimuli. Using arousing-vs.-neutral and guessing-with-feedback paradigms across electrodermal, heart rate, blood volume, pupil dilation, EEG, and fMRI measures, the analysis found a small but highly significant overall effect (ES = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15–0.27, z = 6.9, p < 2.7 × 10⁻¹²). Higher-quality studies produced quantitatively larger effects. Trim-and-fill analysis estimated four missing negative studies; Orwin's fail-safe N was 87. The authors conclude the effect is real but its mechanism remains unknown.

#presentiment #predictive_anticipatory_activity #electrodermal_activity #meta_analytic_evidence #unexplained_anticipation

Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect

Bem, Daryl J • 2011 • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Nine experiments (total N = 1,050 Cornell undergraduates) tested for anomalous retroactive influence by time-reversing well-established psychological effects: precognitive approach to erotic stimuli, precognitive avoidance of negative stimuli, retroactive affective priming, retroactive habituation, and retroactive facilitation of recall. Eight of nine experiments yielded statistically significant results (one-tailed), with a mean effect size of d = 0.22. Stimulus seeking, a component of extraversion, correlated with psi performance in five experiments; high stimulus seekers achieved a mean d = 0.43. Both hardware-based and software-based RNGs were used across experiments, and control simulations with random inputs yielded null results, arguing against artifacts of inadequate randomization.

#retrocausation #time_reversal #stimulus_seeking #implicit_measures #affective_priming

Electrocortical Activity Prior to Unpredictable Stimuli in Meditators and Non-Meditators

Radin, Dean I; Vieten, Cassandra; Michel, Leena; Delorme, Arnaud • 2011 • Explore

Eight experienced nondual meditators (≥3,000 hours practice, mean 20.8 years) and eight matched nonmeditator controls were tested with 32-channel EEG while exposed to unpredictable light and sound stimuli selected by a truly random Zener-diode RNG. Within the control group, no EEG channels showed significant prestimulus differences between stimulus types. Within the meditator group, 5 of 32 channels showed significant prestimulus differences (P < .05, two-tailed, FDR corrected), primarily over right occipital regions. Between groups before audio tones, 15 of 32 channels were significant at P < .05 (8 at P < .005). The free-running task (random ISI, no timing cues) showed stronger effects than the on-demand task. Published in Explore 2011; 7:286-299.

#presentiment #eeg #meditation #nondual_awareness #electrocortical

Predicting the Unpredictable: 75 Years of Experimental Evidence

Radin, Dean I • 2011 • AIP Conference Proceedings

Comprehensive review of 75 years of laboratory experiments testing retrocausal phenomena. Four classes examined: (1) Forced-choice (309 studies, 1935-1987): e=0.02, z=11.4, p<6×10⁻²⁵; (2) Free-response (SRI/SAIC/PEAR remote viewing): e=0.21-0.23, z=4.85-5.8; (3) Psychophysiological presentiment (38 studies): e=0.26-0.28, z=6.07-8.7, Bayes Factor 2.9×10¹³ to 1; (4) Implicit decision (Bem's 9 experiments): 8 significant, z=6.66, Bayes Factor 13,669 to 1. Across 101 studies from 25 labs in 11 countries, 84% showed predicted direction (odds 1.3×10¹²). Higher quality studies yielded larger effects; effect sizes comparable to social psychology average (e=0.21).

#retrocausation #presentiment #meta_analysis #review #forced_choice

Exploring the Relationship between Tibetan Meditation Attainment and Precognition

Roney-Dougal, Serena M; Solfvin, Jerry • 2011 • Journal of Scientific Exploration

Study 2 in a series testing whether meditation attainment enhances psi. Ten Tibetan Buddhist monks (2 Nyingma Lamas, 1 Gelugpa Rinpoche, 7 Gelugpa Geshes) at two monastic universities in Bylakuppe, South India each completed 8 sessions of a computerized free-response precognition task following a 15-minute meditation period (mantra or visualization). Overall psi scores were at chance: t(79) = 0.70, p = 0.49, r = 0.08. Meditation type made no significant difference. However, the two Nyingma Lamas (the most advanced practitioners) showed significant psi-hitting: t(15) = 2.25, p = 0.04, r = 0.50. The meditation-years vs. psi correlation was non-significant (rho = 0.28, p = 0.22) but in the predicted direction. Combined with Study 1, monastic rank significantly predicted psi: F(2,15) = 4.33, p = 0.033, and the meditation-years correlation became rho = 0.737, p = 0.0005.

#meditation #precognition #tibetan_buddhism #free_response #altered_states

Let Your Eyes Predict: Prediction Accuracy of Pupillary Responses to Random Alerting and Neutral Sounds

Tressoldi, Patrizio E; Martinelli, Massimiliano; Semenzato, Luca; Cappato, Sara • 2011 • SAGE Open

Eighty participants (40 male, 40 female) listened to pseudorandom sequences of 10 alerting and 10 neutral IADS sounds while pupil dilation was recorded via Tobii T120 eye-tracker. Anticipatory pupil diameter during a 2-second pre-stimulus window was compared to individually calibrated baselines to predict the upcoming sound category. Alerting sounds were predicted at 60.3% accuracy (z = 5.76, p = 4.2 × 10⁻⁹; BF₁₀ = 3,225), ~10% above chance; neutral sounds at chance (44.6%). Effect size d = 0.33, 95% CI [0.10, 0.55]. Gambler's Fallacy analysis showed expectations actually suppressed alerting predictions, suggesting the true anticipatory signal may be stronger.

#presentiment #pupil_dilation #anticipatory_responses #predictive_anticipatory_activity #auditory_stimuli

Toward Understanding the Placebo Effect: Investigating a Possible Retrocausal Factor

Radin, Dean; Lobach, Eva • 2007 • The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Experiment testing whether slow cortical potentials (SCPs) can differentiate before a randomly determined future stimulus, suggesting a retrocausal factor in the placebo effect. 20 adult volunteers (13 female, 7 male) each completed 100 trials; a hardware noise-based RNG selected flash vs. no-flash with equal probability. EEG at Oz was analyzed using 10,000-iteration randomized permutation tests. Females's SCPs significantly differentiated before stimulus onset (zpre=2.72, p=0.007; zmm=3.45, p=0.0006). Males showed a suggestive opposite-direction effect (zpre=-1.64, p=0.10). The gender difference was significant (z=3.08, p=0.002). A sham brain (grapefruit) control showed no effect.

#presentiment #slow_cortical_potentials #retrocausation #placebo_effect #eeg

Electrophysiological Evidence of Intuition: Part 1. The Surprising Role of the Heart

McCraty, Rollin; Atkinson, Mike; Bradley, Raymond Trevor • 2004 • Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Using a counterbalanced crossover design, 26 participants (11 male, 15 female) experienced in HeartMath techniques viewed 45 randomly selected calm or emotional IAPS pictures while skin conductance and heart rate variability were measured. Heart rate showed significantly greater deceleration prior to future emotional stimuli compared to calm stimuli in the baseline condition (zpre = -3.19, p = 0.001), with curves diverging approximately 4.5 seconds before stimulus onset. Skin conductance showed no significant prestimulus differences, likely because all participants were experienced meditators. Females showed significant heart rate prestimulus response in both conditions; males only in baseline. The study provides the first evidence that the heart is involved in processing information about future emotional events.

#presentiment #heart_rate_deceleration #electrodermal #iaps_pictures #heartmath

Electrodermal Presentiments of Future Emotions

Radin, Dean I • 2004 • Journal of Scientific Exploration

Four double-blind experiments explored whether electrodermal activity (EDA) before randomly selected photographs differed based on upcoming emotional content. Across 133 participants and 4,569 trials at five sites using varied hardware and photo stimuli, pre-stimulus skin conductance was consistently higher before emotional than calm photos. The three replications combined yielded p = 0.001; all four produced a weighted mean effect size e = 0.064 +/- 0.015 (z = 4.04, p = 1.3 x 10^-5). A positive correlation between emotionality ratings and pre-stimulus EDA (r = 0.04, p = 0.008) supported a dose-response relationship. Analysis of anticipatory strategies found relaxation before emotional targets, ruling out the most common artifact explanation.

#presentiment #electrodermal_activity #skin_conductance #autonomic_nervous_system #double_blind_replication

Skin Conductance Prestimulus Response Analyses, Artifacts and a Pilot Study

Spottiswoode, S.J.P; May, E.C • 2003 • Journal of Scientific Exploration

Previous studies have suggested that the human autonomic nervous system responds to stimuli 2-3 seconds before presentation, using pictorial stimuli with varying affectivity. This study innovates by replacing photographs with 97-dB audio startle stimuli to avoid idiosyncratic responses, and by using a true random number generator (electron shot noise) sampled after prestimulus data were recorded. 125 first-time participants each received 20 stimuli per session (50% audio, 50% silent control). The primary analysis found a significant difference in the proportion of skin conductance responses before audio versus control stimuli (Z = 3.27, ES = 0.0901, p = 5.4 x 10^-4). Extensive artifact controls including expectation analysis, RNG autocorrelation testing, independent code verification, and a 125-session pseudo-participant simulation all yielded null results, supporting a genuine prestimulus response.

#presentiment #skin_conductance #audio_startle #electrodermal_activity #precognition

A fMRI Brain Imaging Study of Presentiment

Bierman, Dick J; Scholte, H. Steven • 2002 • Journal of International Society of Life Information Science

Ten subjects (6 male, 4 female; mean age 27.2) were scanned with 1.5T fMRI while viewing 48 randomly presented pictures (erotic, violent, neutral; randomized with replacement). Each trial comprised 4.2s anticipation, 4.2s stimulus, 8.4s recovery. Analysis used GLM with 6 predictors in BrainVoyager 2000. Anomalous anticipatory BOLD activation was found preceding emotional stimuli: single-subject erotic vs neutral td=2.89 (df=39, p<0.01, 0.203% BOLD difference); pooled female erotic td=1.75, violent td=1.99 (p<0.05); pooled male erotic td=2.10 (p<0.05). Females showed anticipation before both erotic and violent stimuli; males only before erotic. Amygdala region responded to emotional but not calm stimuli. Authors conclude results are exploratory and require replication with pre-specified ROI procedures.

#presentiment #fMRI #neuroimaging #precognition #anticipatory_activity

Unconscious Perception of Future Emotions: An Experiment in Presentiment

Radin, Dean I • 1997 • Journal of Scientific Exploration

Four experiments tested whether the autonomic nervous system responds differentially to randomly selected emotionally extreme versus calm photographs before display, suggesting unconscious precognitive perception. Thirty-one participants viewed 1,060 computer-selected photos while electrodermal activity, heart rate, and blood volume pulse were recorded during 13-second epochs. Superposed epoch analysis revealed a clear orienting pre-sponse: EDA diverged between extreme and calm targets approximately one second before display. A permutation test yielded p = .008, and combining all three measures via Stouffer z-scores produced a pre-display peak of nearly 5 standard deviates.

#presentiment #electrodermal_activity #orienting_response #psychophysiology #autonomic_nervous_system

"Future Telling": A Meta-Analysis of Forced-Choice Precognition Experiments, 1935-1987

Honorton, Charles; Ferrari, Diane C • 1989 • Journal of Parapsychology

Meta-analysis of 309 forced-choice precognition experiments published in English-language parapsychology journals between 1935 and 1987, comprising nearly 2 million trials and over 50,000 subjects from 62 investigators. The overall effect is small but highly significant (combined z = 11.41, p = 6.3 x 10^-31), with 30% of studies independently significant. A fail-safe N of 14,268 rules out selective reporting. No relationship between study quality and effect size was found; quality-weighted results were slightly stronger. Four moderating variables were identified: selected subjects, individual testing, trial-by-trial feedback, and shorter temporal intervals all increased effect magnitude. Studies combining all optimal conditions yielded 87.5% independently significant results.

#forced_choice #meta_analysis #precognition #file_drawer #moderator_analysis

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